Post by Tric'hard Carschaleir on Feb 1, 2009 9:44:51 GMT -6
Good morning to you all dear students and welcome to the third lesson of this wonderful journey across Bologna's language and (from this lesson) culture!
First of all, let's see the exercises you had to do for today:
The solution to the first exercise is:
1- un/al
2- una/la
3- un/al
4- una/la
5- un/al
6- un/al
7- una/la
8- un/al
9- un/l
10- un'/l'
The solution to the second exercise is:
1- i
2- äl
3- i
4- äl
5- i
6- i
7- äl
8- i
9- i
10- äli
The third exercise was entirely up to you.
The marks are:
Flip Molinar = 7
Iustì Carlüs Canun = 7
Matáiwos Vürinalt = 8
S:reu Gavártgic'h has asked for a few days more due to his absence, and S:reu Siervicül has not presented his work in time.
Now, let's begin with the lesson.
First, I'll give you the present tense conjugation of other two important (irregular) verbs: andèr and tôr, meaning "to go" and "to take" respectively.
1- andèr
mé a vâg = I go
té t vè = thou goest ()
ló al và= he goes
lî la và = she goes
nó andän = we go (note nó a andän becomes nó andän for assimilation)
vó andè = you go (same as nó)
låur i van = they (masc) go
låur äl van = they (fem) go
2- tôr
mé a tói = I take
té t tû = thou takest
ló al tôl = he takes
lî la tôl = she takes
nó a tulän = we take
vó a tulî = you take
låur i tôlen = they (masc) take
låur äl tôlen = they (fem) take
And now, a little text, which resumes the topics of today's lesson and gives you a little glimpse on the city of Bologna:
Incû al tänp l é bèl, e mé a fâg dû pâs par Bulåggna. Adès a sån ala Staziån, e a man stanca ai é Pôrta Galîra. D'ed lé ai é Galîra Vècia e Galîra Nôva. A tói Galîra Nôva parché ai é pió żänt, anc se Galîra Vècia l'é pió bèla. A la fâg tótta fén a San Pîr, e da lé a vâg in Piâza Granda a tôr al cafà. Am pièš la Piâza parché l'é sänper péñna ed żänt. Ai é tant bulgnîš, tant turéssta e tant studént, mo aténti: ai é anc una móccia ed pizón!
English:
Today there's good weaher (lit. "the weather is fair"), and I go walk through Bologna (lit. "I make two steps in Bologna"). Now I am at the Station, and to my left (lit. "to the tired hand") there's Porta Galliera. From there you can go to Via Galliera and to Via dell'Indipendenza (lit. "From there there is Old Galliera and New Galliera"). I go to Via dell'Indipendenza, because there's more people, though Via Galliera is nicer. I follow that road all the way to San Pietro, and from there I go to Piazza Maggiore to have a coffee (lit. "to take a coffee"). I like the Piazza because there's always lots of people (lit. "is always filled with people"). There are a lot of Bolognese, a lot of tourists and a lot of students, but beware: there's a lot of pigeons too!
The names in the text that are in italic script are the Italian names of some important streets and places in the city of Bologna:
Piazza Maggiore, in Bolognese Piâza Granda is the principal square of Bologna, in which the principal church of Bologna (San Petronio) and the Municipal Palace (Palazzo del Podestà) are located.
Via Galliera and Via dell'Indipendenza are two of the most important streets of the city.
Finally, Porta Galliera is one of the ten doors that were placed on the medieval wall that surrounded the city: Porta Maggiore (the principal door to the city), Porta Santo Stefano, Porta Castiglione, Porta Saragozza, Porta San Felice, Porta delle Lame, Porta Galliera, Porta Mascarella, Porta San Donato and Porta San Vitale.
This is Porta Galliera:
it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bologna-Porta_Galliera-DSCF7233.JPG
In this text you may notice quite a great usage of ai é, which in Bolognese means "there is". Pay attention, though, because in Bolognese "there is" is always singular, so... there's not "there are"! In Bolognese you say "There is a pigeon" and *"There is some pigeons".
Another thing we can see is am pièš, which is Bolognese equivalent to "I like". Notice that in Bolognese you don't say "I like", because "to like" is not a transitive verb, just like in Italian. You say "X likes to me" and not "I like X". Am pièš is short for a mé am pièš. So am pièš i pizón literally means *"To me are liked the pigeons".
But the real center of this lesson is the plural of masculine nouns , which is done with the vowel alternation.
Vowel alternation is a phenomenon seen in most Celtic languages, in Sanskrit, and, to a limited extent, in Greek, German and also in English (sing, sang, sung), which consists of certain alterations in vowel color in some particular context.
I will not explain all the rules of vowel alternation because we will see them singularly through the lessons to come.
Today I will explain only the vowel alternation in pluralization.
Pluralization of masculine nouns in Bolognese is done by modifying the accented vowel of the word following the rules of vowel alternation:
-än- becomes -én- Ex: studänt - studént
-àtt becomes -étt Ex: casàtt - casétt
-ai- becomes -î- Ex: bulgnaiš - bulgnîš
-åu- becomes -û- Ex: båurg - bûrg
-å- becomes -ó- Ex: pizån - pizón
-ôl becomes -û Ex: fiôl - fiû
-òz becomes -ûz Ex: scudòz -scudûz
-èc' becomes -îc' Ex: vèc' - vîc'
-èż becomes -îż Ex: mèż - mîż
The words in which these rules don't appear are uninflected.
Ex: turéssta - turéssta
In this case only the article can make the difference between singular and plural.
Notice that these rules are valid only for masculine nouns. The plural of feminine nouns will be discussed in another lesson.
That's it for today's lesson. Here's the vocabulary (I apologize for the non-alphabetical order):
incû (adv.) = today
a (prep.) = to
tänp (n. masc.) = weather, but also time and verbal tense
bèl (adj., feminine: bèla) = fair, beautiful
pâs (n. masc.) = step
Bulåggna (n. fem.) = Bologna
adès (adv.) = now
staziån (n. fem.) = station
man (n. fem.) = hand
stanc (adj. , feminine: stanca) = tired
pôrta (n. fem.) = door
vèc' (adj., feminine: vècia) = old
nôv (adj., feminine: nôva) = new
parché (conj.) = because, but also why
żänt (n. fem.) = people
tótt (adj., feminine: tótta) = all
cafà (n. masc.) = coffee
sänper (adv.) = always
pén (adj., feminine: péñna) = full
turéssta (n. masc.) = tourist
aténti (interj.) = beware! warning!
mo (conj.) = but
anc (adv.) = too
pizån (n. masc.) = pigeon
fiåur (n. masc.) = flower
piâza (n. fem.) = square
tant (adv.) = many
Sentence patterns:
fèr dû pâs = to take a walk
a man stanca = to the left
D'ed lé = from there (lit. "from to there")
una móccia ed = a lot of
Exercises:
1. Translate the following sentences:
a- I like Bologna.
b- I go to Bologna.
c- In (use a) Bologna there's a lot of pigeons.
d- I like flowers.
e- I'll have a coffee.
f- The pigeons go to the square.
g- The tourist are many.
2. What's the plural of these words?
a- defizänt (idiot)
b- delincuänt (burglar)
c- bigliàtt (ticket)
d- fazulàtt (handkerchief)
e- calzaider (bucket)
f- naigher (black)
g- dutåur (doctor)
h- profesåur (professor)
i- limån (lemon)
j- padrån (master)
k- pufarôl (defaulting debtor)
l- linzôl (sheet)
3. Make some sentences (minimum 10) with the words and verbs you learned in these lessons.
Ok. That's it. See you next week!
Tric'hard Carschaleir
First of all, let's see the exercises you had to do for today:
The solution to the first exercise is:
1- un/al
2- una/la
3- un/al
4- una/la
5- un/al
6- un/al
7- una/la
8- un/al
9- un/l
10- un'/l'
The solution to the second exercise is:
1- i
2- äl
3- i
4- äl
5- i
6- i
7- äl
8- i
9- i
10- äli
The third exercise was entirely up to you.
The marks are:
Flip Molinar = 7
Iustì Carlüs Canun = 7
Matáiwos Vürinalt = 8
S:reu Gavártgic'h has asked for a few days more due to his absence, and S:reu Siervicül has not presented his work in time.
Now, let's begin with the lesson.
First, I'll give you the present tense conjugation of other two important (irregular) verbs: andèr and tôr, meaning "to go" and "to take" respectively.
1- andèr
mé a vâg = I go
té t vè = thou goest ()
ló al và= he goes
lî la và = she goes
nó andän = we go (note nó a andän becomes nó andän for assimilation)
vó andè = you go (same as nó)
låur i van = they (masc) go
låur äl van = they (fem) go
2- tôr
mé a tói = I take
té t tû = thou takest
ló al tôl = he takes
lî la tôl = she takes
nó a tulän = we take
vó a tulî = you take
låur i tôlen = they (masc) take
låur äl tôlen = they (fem) take
And now, a little text, which resumes the topics of today's lesson and gives you a little glimpse on the city of Bologna:
Incû al tänp l é bèl, e mé a fâg dû pâs par Bulåggna. Adès a sån ala Staziån, e a man stanca ai é Pôrta Galîra. D'ed lé ai é Galîra Vècia e Galîra Nôva. A tói Galîra Nôva parché ai é pió żänt, anc se Galîra Vècia l'é pió bèla. A la fâg tótta fén a San Pîr, e da lé a vâg in Piâza Granda a tôr al cafà. Am pièš la Piâza parché l'é sänper péñna ed żänt. Ai é tant bulgnîš, tant turéssta e tant studént, mo aténti: ai é anc una móccia ed pizón!
English:
Today there's good weaher (lit. "the weather is fair"), and I go walk through Bologna (lit. "I make two steps in Bologna"). Now I am at the Station, and to my left (lit. "to the tired hand") there's Porta Galliera. From there you can go to Via Galliera and to Via dell'Indipendenza (lit. "From there there is Old Galliera and New Galliera"). I go to Via dell'Indipendenza, because there's more people, though Via Galliera is nicer. I follow that road all the way to San Pietro, and from there I go to Piazza Maggiore to have a coffee (lit. "to take a coffee"). I like the Piazza because there's always lots of people (lit. "is always filled with people"). There are a lot of Bolognese, a lot of tourists and a lot of students, but beware: there's a lot of pigeons too!
The names in the text that are in italic script are the Italian names of some important streets and places in the city of Bologna:
Piazza Maggiore, in Bolognese Piâza Granda is the principal square of Bologna, in which the principal church of Bologna (San Petronio) and the Municipal Palace (Palazzo del Podestà) are located.
Via Galliera and Via dell'Indipendenza are two of the most important streets of the city.
Finally, Porta Galliera is one of the ten doors that were placed on the medieval wall that surrounded the city: Porta Maggiore (the principal door to the city), Porta Santo Stefano, Porta Castiglione, Porta Saragozza, Porta San Felice, Porta delle Lame, Porta Galliera, Porta Mascarella, Porta San Donato and Porta San Vitale.
This is Porta Galliera:
it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bologna-Porta_Galliera-DSCF7233.JPG
In this text you may notice quite a great usage of ai é, which in Bolognese means "there is". Pay attention, though, because in Bolognese "there is" is always singular, so... there's not "there are"! In Bolognese you say "There is a pigeon" and *"There is some pigeons".
Another thing we can see is am pièš, which is Bolognese equivalent to "I like". Notice that in Bolognese you don't say "I like", because "to like" is not a transitive verb, just like in Italian. You say "X likes to me" and not "I like X". Am pièš is short for a mé am pièš. So am pièš i pizón literally means *"To me are liked the pigeons".
But the real center of this lesson is the plural of masculine nouns , which is done with the vowel alternation.
Vowel alternation is a phenomenon seen in most Celtic languages, in Sanskrit, and, to a limited extent, in Greek, German and also in English (sing, sang, sung), which consists of certain alterations in vowel color in some particular context.
I will not explain all the rules of vowel alternation because we will see them singularly through the lessons to come.
Today I will explain only the vowel alternation in pluralization.
Pluralization of masculine nouns in Bolognese is done by modifying the accented vowel of the word following the rules of vowel alternation:
-än- becomes -én- Ex: studänt - studént
-àtt becomes -étt Ex: casàtt - casétt
-ai- becomes -î- Ex: bulgnaiš - bulgnîš
-åu- becomes -û- Ex: båurg - bûrg
-å- becomes -ó- Ex: pizån - pizón
-ôl becomes -û Ex: fiôl - fiû
-òz becomes -ûz Ex: scudòz -scudûz
-èc' becomes -îc' Ex: vèc' - vîc'
-èż becomes -îż Ex: mèż - mîż
The words in which these rules don't appear are uninflected.
Ex: turéssta - turéssta
In this case only the article can make the difference between singular and plural.
Notice that these rules are valid only for masculine nouns. The plural of feminine nouns will be discussed in another lesson.
That's it for today's lesson. Here's the vocabulary (I apologize for the non-alphabetical order):
incû (adv.) = today
a (prep.) = to
tänp (n. masc.) = weather, but also time and verbal tense
bèl (adj., feminine: bèla) = fair, beautiful
pâs (n. masc.) = step
Bulåggna (n. fem.) = Bologna
adès (adv.) = now
staziån (n. fem.) = station
man (n. fem.) = hand
stanc (adj. , feminine: stanca) = tired
pôrta (n. fem.) = door
vèc' (adj., feminine: vècia) = old
nôv (adj., feminine: nôva) = new
parché (conj.) = because, but also why
żänt (n. fem.) = people
tótt (adj., feminine: tótta) = all
cafà (n. masc.) = coffee
sänper (adv.) = always
pén (adj., feminine: péñna) = full
turéssta (n. masc.) = tourist
aténti (interj.) = beware! warning!
mo (conj.) = but
anc (adv.) = too
pizån (n. masc.) = pigeon
fiåur (n. masc.) = flower
piâza (n. fem.) = square
tant (adv.) = many
Sentence patterns:
fèr dû pâs = to take a walk
a man stanca = to the left
D'ed lé = from there (lit. "from to there")
una móccia ed = a lot of
Exercises:
1. Translate the following sentences:
a- I like Bologna.
b- I go to Bologna.
c- In (use a) Bologna there's a lot of pigeons.
d- I like flowers.
e- I'll have a coffee.
f- The pigeons go to the square.
g- The tourist are many.
2. What's the plural of these words?
a- defizänt (idiot)
b- delincuänt (burglar)
c- bigliàtt (ticket)
d- fazulàtt (handkerchief)
e- calzaider (bucket)
f- naigher (black)
g- dutåur (doctor)
h- profesåur (professor)
i- limån (lemon)
j- padrån (master)
k- pufarôl (defaulting debtor)
l- linzôl (sheet)
3. Make some sentences (minimum 10) with the words and verbs you learned in these lessons.
Ok. That's it. See you next week!
Tric'hard Carschaleir