Post by Tric'hard Carschaleir on Jan 25, 2009 9:11:15 GMT -6
Good morning, and welcome all of you students to my second lesson. By now you should know how to pronounce Bolognese, at least in theory. 
Today we will learn two of the most important and useful verbs, which, unfortunately, are also irregular. I will teach you only the present tense today, because we ar going to use that alone for the next few lessons.
Note that I will use the archaic form "thou" to represent the second person singular.
But first, I'd like to talk of articles: just like Italian, French or Talossan, the noun in Bolognese is always preceded by an article, which can be definite or indefinite as in English.
Definite articles in Bolognese are "al" for the masculine and "la" for the feminine.
"Al" elides to "l" before a vowel, while "la" elides to "l'". Pay attention: the feminine elided article has the apostrophe, while the masculine one doesn't.
A few examples: al gâl (the rooster), al studänt (the student), l òmen (the man), l ân (the year), la galéñna (the hen), la cà (the house), l'ôca (the goose), l'åura (the hour)
Plural definite articles are "i" for the masculine and "äl" for the feminine. "Äl" becomes "äli" in front of a vowel. NOTE: "äli" has an irregular pronounce: it's pronounced as if it was written *"ägli".
Examples: i gâl (the roosters), i studént (the students), äl galén (the hens), äl cà (the houses), i òmen (the men), i ân (the years), äli ôc (the gooses), äli åur (the hours).
We will see the plural of nouns in another lesson.
Indefinite articles are "un" for the masculine and "una" for the feminine. "Una" elides to "un'" in front of a vowel.
Examples: un gâl (a rooster), un studänt (a student), una galéñna (a hen), una cà (a house), un òmen (a man), un ân (a year), un'ôca (a goose), un'åura (a hour).
The plural of indefinite articles is done with partitive articles which we will learn in another lesson.
Before learning verbs, however, you must be introduced to two important things: pronouns and subject expansions.
The first are easy to explain: they are the same as English.
The subject pronouns are the following:
mé = I
té = thou
ló = he
lî = she
nó = we
vó = you
låur = they
Instead of nó and vó, if you want to make a gender distinction, you can use nuèter and vuèter for the masculine and nuètri and vuètri for the feminine.
A curiosity: these two pronouns are the same as Italian "noialtri" and "voialtri", rarely used, which literally mean "we others" and "you others".
Subject expansions are instead a different concept. They are distinctive of Bolognese language (no other language I know of uses them) and are substantially a different kind of pronoun which is used between the verb and the subject pronoun.
Here they are, associated with their pronoun:
mé = a
té = t
ló = al
lî = la
nó = a
vó = a
låur (masculine) = i
låur (feminine) = äl
Yes, I know the questions you are asking yourself in this moment and here are the answers:
1. Yes, the first person singular and plural and the second person plural have the same expansion,
2. Yes, the expansion of the second person singular is only a consonant and
3. Yes, it isn't a coincidence that the third persons have the articles as expansions.
We can roughly translate the expansions as the enphatic "oneself" of English, so mé a fâg is like "I myself do" etc.
Obviously, you don't have to translate the sentences like that.
And now, the verbs.
The verb number one is fèr, which means "to do" and "to make" (there's no distinction):
mé a fâg = I do/make
té t fè = thou dost/makest
ló al fà = he does/makes
lï la fà = she does/makes
nó a fän = we do/make
vó a fè = you do/make
låur i fan = they (masculine) do/make
låur äl fan = they (feminine) do/make
The verb number two is èser, which means "to be":
mé a sån = I am
té t î = Thou art
ló l é = He is (notice the elision of "al" in front of a vowel)
lî l'é = She is (notice the apostrophe)
nó a sän = We are
vó a sî = You are
låur i én = They (masculine) are
låur äli én = They (feminine) are
Well, that's it for this week's lesson. One last thing: remember that in Bolognese the word "yes" has two possible forms: ói (parent of French oui) is used only to answer a question, while sé (parent od Italian sì) in all the other cases.
Examples: vût spušèrum? - ói! (Will you marry me? - Yes!), l'à détt ed sé (She said "yes").
Vocabulary:
m = masculine
f = feminine
studänt = student (m)
tåurta = cake (f)
gâl = rooster (m)
galéñna = hen (f)
bulgnaiš = Bolognese (m)
gât = cat (m)
cà = house (f)
dialàtt = dialect (m)
elefànt = elephant (m)
åmmbra = shadow (f)
Exercises:
1. Assign to each noun in the vocabulary the right definite and indefinite article.
2. The plural of these nouns are:
studént, tåurt, gâl, galén, bulgnîš, gât, cà, dialétt, elefànt, åmmber
Assign to each the right definite article.
3. Try to compose minimum four frases with fèr, èser, and these nouns.
See you next week!
Today we will learn two of the most important and useful verbs, which, unfortunately, are also irregular. I will teach you only the present tense today, because we ar going to use that alone for the next few lessons.
Note that I will use the archaic form "thou" to represent the second person singular.
But first, I'd like to talk of articles: just like Italian, French or Talossan, the noun in Bolognese is always preceded by an article, which can be definite or indefinite as in English.
Definite articles in Bolognese are "al" for the masculine and "la" for the feminine.
"Al" elides to "l" before a vowel, while "la" elides to "l'". Pay attention: the feminine elided article has the apostrophe, while the masculine one doesn't.
A few examples: al gâl (the rooster), al studänt (the student), l òmen (the man), l ân (the year), la galéñna (the hen), la cà (the house), l'ôca (the goose), l'åura (the hour)
Plural definite articles are "i" for the masculine and "äl" for the feminine. "Äl" becomes "äli" in front of a vowel. NOTE: "äli" has an irregular pronounce: it's pronounced as if it was written *"ägli".
Examples: i gâl (the roosters), i studént (the students), äl galén (the hens), äl cà (the houses), i òmen (the men), i ân (the years), äli ôc (the gooses), äli åur (the hours).
We will see the plural of nouns in another lesson.
Indefinite articles are "un" for the masculine and "una" for the feminine. "Una" elides to "un'" in front of a vowel.
Examples: un gâl (a rooster), un studänt (a student), una galéñna (a hen), una cà (a house), un òmen (a man), un ân (a year), un'ôca (a goose), un'åura (a hour).
The plural of indefinite articles is done with partitive articles which we will learn in another lesson.
Before learning verbs, however, you must be introduced to two important things: pronouns and subject expansions.
The first are easy to explain: they are the same as English.
The subject pronouns are the following:
mé = I
té = thou
ló = he
lî = she
nó = we
vó = you
låur = they
Instead of nó and vó, if you want to make a gender distinction, you can use nuèter and vuèter for the masculine and nuètri and vuètri for the feminine.
A curiosity: these two pronouns are the same as Italian "noialtri" and "voialtri", rarely used, which literally mean "we others" and "you others".
Subject expansions are instead a different concept. They are distinctive of Bolognese language (no other language I know of uses them) and are substantially a different kind of pronoun which is used between the verb and the subject pronoun.
Here they are, associated with their pronoun:
mé = a
té = t
ló = al
lî = la
nó = a
vó = a
låur (masculine) = i
låur (feminine) = äl
Yes, I know the questions you are asking yourself in this moment and here are the answers:
1. Yes, the first person singular and plural and the second person plural have the same expansion,
2. Yes, the expansion of the second person singular is only a consonant and
3. Yes, it isn't a coincidence that the third persons have the articles as expansions.
We can roughly translate the expansions as the enphatic "oneself" of English, so mé a fâg is like "I myself do" etc.
Obviously, you don't have to translate the sentences like that.
And now, the verbs.
The verb number one is fèr, which means "to do" and "to make" (there's no distinction):
mé a fâg = I do/make
té t fè = thou dost/makest
ló al fà = he does/makes
lï la fà = she does/makes
nó a fän = we do/make
vó a fè = you do/make
låur i fan = they (masculine) do/make
låur äl fan = they (feminine) do/make
The verb number two is èser, which means "to be":
mé a sån = I am
té t î = Thou art
ló l é = He is (notice the elision of "al" in front of a vowel)
lî l'é = She is (notice the apostrophe)
nó a sän = We are
vó a sî = You are
låur i én = They (masculine) are
låur äli én = They (feminine) are
Well, that's it for this week's lesson. One last thing: remember that in Bolognese the word "yes" has two possible forms: ói (parent of French oui) is used only to answer a question, while sé (parent od Italian sì) in all the other cases.
Examples: vût spušèrum? - ói! (Will you marry me? - Yes!), l'à détt ed sé (She said "yes").
Vocabulary:
m = masculine
f = feminine
studänt = student (m)
tåurta = cake (f)
gâl = rooster (m)
galéñna = hen (f)
bulgnaiš = Bolognese (m)
gât = cat (m)
cà = house (f)
dialàtt = dialect (m)
elefànt = elephant (m)
åmmbra = shadow (f)
Exercises:
1. Assign to each noun in the vocabulary the right definite and indefinite article.
2. The plural of these nouns are:
studént, tåurt, gâl, galén, bulgnîš, gât, cà, dialétt, elefànt, åmmber
Assign to each the right definite article.
3. Try to compose minimum four frases with fèr, èser, and these nouns.
See you next week!
